Exercise May Fight Depression in Heart Failure Patients

Story first reported from AJC.com

Exercise helps people with heart failure feel a bit better, physically and emotionally, a new study shows. It may also lower a person's risk of dying or winding up in the hospital.

WebMD For some people, exercise works as well or even better than antidepressants. And you don't have to run a marathon. Just take a walk with a friend. As time goes on, increase activity until you exercise on most days. You'll feel better physically, sleep better at night, and improve your mood.

Up to 40% of people with heart failure grapple with depression . The combination often leads to poor health outcomes. One study found seriously depressed people with heart failure were more than twice as likely to die or be hospitalized over the course of a year compared to other people with heart failure who weren't depressed.

"Whenever patients are more depressed, their motivation goes down. Their ability to keep up with their doctors' recommendations goes down. Their ability to get out and do basic physical activities like walking goes down," as does their health, says David A. Friedman, MD, chief of Heart Failure Services at North Shore-LIJ Plainview Hospital in New York. "It's a vicious cycle."

"This [study] ... shows a non-drug way to try to improve patients' mood and motivation. That's the best thing you can do," says Friedman, who was not involved in the research.

Testing Exercise for Depression

For the study, which is published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers assigned more than 2,322 stable heart failure patients to a program of regular aerobic exercise or usual care. Usual care consisted of information on disease management and general advice to exercise.

The exercise group started with a standard exercise prescription for patients in cardiac rehab: three 30-minute sessions on either a treadmill or stationary bike each week. After three months, they moved to unsupervised workouts at home. At home, their goal was to get 120 minutes of activity a week.

Just as happens in the real world, most exercisers fell short of their weekly goals.

Despite the fact that they weren't as active as they were supposed to be, they still had slightly better scores on a 63-point depression test than the group assigned to usual care. There was a little less than a one-point difference between the two groups. But the differences persisted even after a year, leading researchers to think the result wasn't a fluke.

And the exercisers were about 15% less likely to die or be hospitalized for heart failure compared with the group getting usual care.

Researchers think the differences between the two groups were small because most people in the study weren't depressed to begin with. Only 28% had test scores high enough to indicate clinical depression.

But the more depressed a person was, the more they had to gain from regular exercise. After a year, test scores of depressed patients were about 1.5 points better in the exercise group compared to those assigned to usual care.

"We know that exercise is beneficial in terms of improving cardiovascular fitness. Now we know depression is also reduced in these patients," says researcher James A. Blumenthal, PhD, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University in Durham, N.C.

"For people who were more depressed, they experienced a greater reduction in their depressive symptoms with exercise," he says.

The study shows exercise "is in the same ballpark" as other established treatments, particularly antidepressant medications, Blumenthal tells WebMD.

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Thousands Await Testing for Hepatitis by ‘Infector’

 Story first reported from nytimes.com

BOSTON — Thousands of former patients at a New Hampshire hospital must wait at least another week to learn if they were infected with hepatitis C through syringes used by a traveling medical technician now known as the “serial infector.”

Testing will be delayed as officials continue to try to develop an orderly process that will allow patients from the Exeter Hospital to be tested quickly and without having to wait too long in line, said Dr. José Montero, director of the state health department’s division of public health.

“Several groups are working on the approach,” he said in an interview on Wednesday. He said that he hoped to announce a plan by the end of this week and that testing could begin next week.

The New Hampshire health department announced last month that it intended to test more than 3,400 people who had been hospitalized while the technician, David Kwiatkowski, 32, who is believed to have contracted the disease at least two years ago, was working at Exeter Hospital, and it planned to set up mass clinics last weekend at the local high school. Mr. Kwiatkowski was charged with federal drug crimes last month, accused of stealing drugs and injecting himself with syringes that were later used on patients.

But officials pulled the plug on the plan after several former patients complained about the lack of privacy in a mass clinic setting. There were also questions of liability for the volunteers taking blood in such a setting.

Mr. Kwiatkowski has worked at an estimated 13 hospitals in eight states and potentially could have infected thousands of patients.

Already, patient advocates are pushing for ways to tighten the rules regarding such technicians to try to prevent cases like this from happening again.

Elenore Casey Crane, a former state representative in New Hampshire and co-founder of a group called The Patients Speak (www.hepcvictimsnetwork.com), is calling for a national registry to which hospitals and staffing agencies would be required to report issues of professional misconduct by medical technicians. She said that at the moment, beyond calling previous employers for a reference check, hospitals have no way of knowing whether a technician has previous violations.

Ms. Crane said she was meeting next week with representatives of Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire, to discuss federal legislation to establish such a registry.

Her group is also calling for national licensing of all medical technicians; licensing requirements now vary from state to state. And it has also prompted legislators in the eight states involved to file bills to require random drug testing of technicians at hospitals twice a year.

“Why does the guy who loads your car at Home Depot have drug testing and the men and women with you in the operating room do not?” Ms. Crane said. Her goal is nothing short of changing what she said was the culture of secrecy around medical workers.

In addition, her group has set an informational meeting for Tuesday at Exeter to discuss the medical and legal issues surrounding the outbreak.

Triage Staffing Inc., of Omaha, the agency that placed Mr. Kwiatkowski in many of his more recent jobs, has been sued by Domenic Paolini, a malpractice lawyer and former cardiac surgeon in Boston, on behalf of several patients. He has filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of people whom the health department has recommended be tested, as well as infected patients.

Dr. Montero said Wednesday that almost 1,300 people had been tested, including many hospital employees.

About 30 people who tested positive with strains of hepatitis C matched the strain found in Mr. Kwiatkowski. Fourteen others tested positive but were not a match.

Originally the health department said that 6,000 people would have to be tested but found some names were duplicates.

The F.B.I., the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States attorney in New Hampshire and various other agencies are investigating the case.

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Survival Rate Lengthened by Drug Duo

Story first reported from seattletimes.com

Women with metastatic breast cancer treated with a combination of two estrogen-blocking drugs survived more than six months longer than those treated with just one of the drugs or one followed by the other, according to a study involving nearly 700 women.

It's the first time such improvement in overall survival has been seen in trials of first-line hormonal therapy for hormone-receptive metastatic breast cancer, the study authors said.

"We're finding a lot of other ways of treating these estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers that don't include chemotherapy," said co-author Dr. Julie Gralow, director of breast medical oncology at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance.

Such hormone-targeting therapy is a key focus in breast-cancer research, in part because it avoids the toxic effects of chemotherapy, Gralow said. However, she cautioned, these first results need to be repeated and verified by other researchers and may only apply to a subgroup of women with this type of breast cancer.

The report, from the University of Michigan-based research group SWOG, one of five cooperative groups that comprise the National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network, was published Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The SWOG Statistical Center is based at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and co-authors also include Dr. William Barlow, professor of biostatistics at the University of Washington.

The two drugs, anastrozole (brand name Arimidex) and fulvestrant (brand name Faslodex), are both called endocrine therapies because they work through action on a hormone — in this case, estrogen. About three-quarters of women with breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer have tumors that are responsive to estrogen, Gralow said. Anastrozole inhibits estrogen synthesis, while fulvestrant works on estrogen receptors.

The combination therapy increased the median survival of the women in the trial by 6.4 months compared with those who took only anastrozole. The combination also lengthened by 1.5 months the time before patients' disease progressed. More than 40 percent of the women in anastrozole-only group switched to fulvestrant when their disease progressed.

Although at this point metastic breast cancer isn't cured with such endocrine therapies, Gralow said researchers are making a lot of progress in this area.

"We're trying to get away from toxic, nonspecific therapies, like chemotherapy, and better understand how we can affect the estrogen receptors and its pathways and get even better results than with chemo, with fewer side effects. That's where we're going in treating breast cancer."

About 700 women with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Gralow said she was surprised to find that nearly 40 percent of them had received no treatment for breast cancer before coming in for evaluation of a breast lump and being informed their cancer had already spread.

"When I first saw that I didn't believe it," Gralow said. While such late diagnosis is common in the rest of the world, she said, it's troubling to see so many women from this country whose breast cancer was not caught in the early stages.

"That means there are a lot of those patients out there," she said.

For the study, having such a large percentage of previously untreated patients may mean the results would not hold for women who had received estrogen-blocking drugs in the past, Gralow said. "What the results mostly relate to is a patient who is just starting endocrine therapy for the first time," she said.

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Michigan Woman Dies From Flesh-Eating Bacteria

Story first reported from USA Today

FARMINGTON HILLS, Mich. -- Twelve days after doctors told a woman that she was finally clear of a life-threatening flesh-eating bacteria infection, she took a turn for the worse and died.

Crystal Spencer, 33, had spent a month in and out of three hospitals. Her husband had been visiting a rehabilitation hospital Sunday where she was about to be transferred when the hospital called and told him to return immediately.

A team of eight doctors worked for more than an hour to resuscitate his wife, amid alarms indicating she was near death three times. She died at 3:36 p.m. Sunday.

The family is raising money to conduct an autopsy to find out as much as they can about what happened. Results could take several weeks.

Until about a week ago when they learned that their application for Medicaid had been approved, the Spencers had limited health insurance. Now Jeff Spencer said he has thousands of dollars in medical debt from care not covered by insurance.

Crystal Spencer was a high school dropout and had been poor and underinsured or uninsured most of her life. She had adult-onset diabetes and weighed more than 300 pounds all of her adult life, factors that put her at higher risk of contracting the flesh-eating bacteria.

Her death from necrotizing fasciitis has drawn national attention to a rare disease many had never heard of and others knew only by its scary name: the flesh-eating bacteria.

Nationwide, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported 500 to 1,500 cases a year; 1 in 5 people dies from it. Many others have fingers, toes or limbs amputated because the bacteria eats away at underlying layers of tissue.

Many cases are misdiagnosed or found late, according to the National Necrotizing Fasciitis Foundation, a nonprofit founded by two women who survived the infection.

The foundation hopes to raise awareness about a problem that needs more education and hospital early intervention programs so symptoms can be caught and treated with antibiotics or the removal of dead skin and infected tissue, a procedure called debridement. Others need surgery, including extensive skin grafts.

Too often, patients get the wrong treatment because the infection is misdiagnosed, according to the foundation

Jeff Spencer said doctors at Huron Valley-Sinai in Commerce Township, Mich., originally had told him his wife had a urinary tract infection. At Botsford Hospital here, where she first sought care June 23 for what she thought was a boil on her upper right thigh, an emergency department physician lanced the protruding tissue and sent her home with a Motrin prescription, said Theresa Corwin of Farmington Hills, a close friend.

She and Spencer blame Botsford for not running blood tests to see whether white blood cell counts were elevated, a sign of infection.

They also wonder why a doctor there called the infected area on her leg an "abscess" -- an accumulation of pus and tissue triggered by an infection -- but gave them no warning that Crystal Spencer might be contagious. Corwin, who said she is certified in CPR and first aid, was given the job of cleaning the wound and changing the dressings four to five times a day when her friend got home.

On Monday, Botsford spokeswoman Margo Gorchow said it was unlikely that Crystal Spencer contracted necrotizing facitiitis there because the infection typically is not acquired in a hospital, and the woman had none of its symptoms when she came to the emergency department.

A spokeswoman for Huron Valley-Sinai declined comment both Monday and Tuesday, citing patient privacy laws.

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Opana Takes Place of OxyContin for Addicts

Story first reported from USA Today

A masked man walked into a Fort Wayne, Ind., drugstore early one Saturday morning, approached the pharmacy counter and, realizing it was closed, left. An hour later, wearing the same mask, he entered the store across the street, handed the pharmacist a list of drugs scrawled on a napkin and threatened to kill the pharmacist if he didn't get them, police say.

Police were waiting, having been notified by employees of the first account. As the suspect dashed from the store, prescription painkillers clutched in his hand, a police officer caught him.

The June 2 incident was the 11th pharmacy robbery in Fort Wayne this year, an unusually high number for this city of 250,000 people, police spokeswoman Raquel Foster said. In almost every case, the robbers asked specifically for Opana, the trade name for oxymorphone, a powerful prescription painkiller.

Prescription drug abuse is the nation's fastest-growing drug problem, the White House Office on National Drug Policy says. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified the misuse of these powerful painkillers as an epidemic, with 1.3 million emergency room visits in 2010, a 115% increase since 2004. Overdose deaths on opioid pain relievers surpassed deaths from heroin and cocaine for the first time in 2008.

This rise of Opana abuse illustrates the adaptability of drug addicts and the never-ending challenge facing law enforcement authorities, addiction specialists and pharmaceutical companies. Just when they think they have curbed abuse and stopped trafficking of one drug, another fills the void. Opana's dangerous new popularity arose when OxyContin's manufacturer changed its formula to deter users from crushing, breaking or dissolving the pill so it could be snorted or injected to achieve a high.

As a new, harder-to-abuse Opana formulation replaces the old formula, police and addiction experts expect heroin to fill that void.

For years, drug abusers favored an extended-release version of OxyContin, a narcotic painkiller, for a powerful high. Over the past decade, its abuse was so prevalent that the drug became a household name.

Drug abusers could crush or dissolve the pill's time-release coating to get the full punch of the opioid oxycodone. But Purdue Pharma, OxyContin's manufacturer, reformulated it in August 2010, making it nearly impossible to crush, dissolve and inject. By the beginning of 2011, more than 95% of prescriptions were being filled with reformulated OxyContin, Purdue spokesman James Heins said.

Though people could still abuse the drug by taking larger quantities, some addicts craved the injectable high.

As the supply of the old formulation dwindled, panicked drug abusers flooded Internet chat rooms in attempts to find ways to outsmart the new technology, from pounding it with hammers to soaking it in acid, said Sgt. John McGuire, head of the prescription drug diversion unit at the Louisville Metro Police Department.

Kevin R. Collins, coroner of Scott County, Ind., says he is disheartened by the number young people who are overdosing on prescription narcotics, particularly Opana.

Opana ER, an extended-release painkiller containing oxymorphone, came on the market in 2006. Endo Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer, completed development of a crush-resistant pill in 2010 but did not get approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) until late last year, said Endo senior vice president Blaine Davis.

On June 14, the FDA moved the old Opana formulation to its list of discontinued drugs. Davis said he doesn't know how much remains on the market.

Meanwhile, the Opana problem grew swiftly and sharply, particularly in several states where prescription drug abuse is deeply ingrained:

•Nassau County, N.Y., issued a health alert in 2011 when the New York City suburb saw the first signs of an alarming spike in Opana use. Medicaid data for the county showed prescriptions for extended-release Opana had increased 45% in six months. Since then, Reynolds said, the problem has worsened, 80% of the 600 people who seek help each month from the Long Island Council use Opana.

•A DEA intelligence briefing noted increases in Opana uses in Pennsylvania, including Philadelphia, and Delaware. In New Castle, Del., the DEA said, drug users had switched from uncrushable OxyContin to the crushable oxymorphone "for ease of use," pushing the price for a 40 mg tablet to $65. A tablet costs $4 to $8 when purchased legitimately at a pharmacy.

•In Ohio, authorities in Akron, Cincinnati and Athens noted surges in Opana as a replacement for OxyContin, the state's Substance Abuse Monitoring Network reported earlier this year. One unnamed drug abuser in Youngstown told network monitors "no one wants the new oxys now that (Purdue) change the makeup of them," the Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network noted in its January surveillance report. Opana 40 mg tablets sell for $60 to $70 each, outpacing the once-popular old formulation OxyContin, which now sells for at least $1 a milligram, the report said. The less popular new formulation of OxyContin 40 mg sells for $20 to $30, the report said.

The spike is particularly pronounced in Kentucky. In 2010, toxicology tests identified oxymorphone, the key ingredient in Opana, in 2% of the state's overdose cases, said Van Ingram, executive director of the Kentucky Office of Drug Control Policy. By 2011, oxymorphone was present in the blood of 23% of overdose victims.

The numbers so alarmed Ingram that he asked the CDC to do an epidemiological study to pinpoint where the drug was coming from and why use had increased. Ingram is waiting to hear from the CDC, which did not respond to a request for comment.

A similar switch happened in Indiana, where the pill problem began a decade ago with hydrocodone — known by trade names Vicodin and Lortab — and then to oxycodone, said Sgt. Jerry Goodin of the Indiana State Police.

Soon after Opana came on the scene, the overdoses began, Goodin said.

Oxycodone abuse was well established in Scott County, Ind., when Sheriff Dan McClain took office in January 2011. He expected more of the same. Instead, the small-town sheriff in the sparsely populated county of 24,000 people in southeast Indiana confronted a rash of Opana overdoses.

Last year, 19 people in the tiny county died of overdoses, the majority on Opana in combination with alcohol and other drugs, Scott County Coroner Kevin Collins said. This year, 13 people have died from drug overdoses, he said.

McClain said in some cases the people purchased the drugs from elderly people with legitimate prescriptions who sold the drugs to supplement their Social Security income. Others bought the drugs from drug dealers who traveled to out-of-state "pill mills" — clinics where doctors perform cursory examinations on people with dubious injuries and prescribe large quantities of the pills, he said.

The number of overdose deaths is unusually high for the county and has pushed the number of coroner's cases from an average of 28 a year to 39 in the first six months of 2012. The coroner must investigate all unattended or suspicious deaths, he said.

Collins, who has been coroner or deputy coroner for 27 years, said he won't seek office again this year. The overdoses — mostly of people ages 18 to 30 — weigh heavily on him.

Lori Croasdell, coordinator for the Coalition to Eliminate Abuse of Substances in Scott County and a member of the Governor's Commission for a Drug-Free Indiana, said she sees signs of an Opana shortage that might be the result of the new formulation. Pharmacists report that desperate addicts call to ask whether the old formulation is in stock, she said.

When a production snafu caused a nationwide shortage of Opana earlier this year, the price in Louisville soared from $65 for a 40 mg pill to $185, McGuire said.

The price spike sparked a surge in heroin use, which might foreshadow what will happen when the supply of old Opana dries up, McGuire said.

The shortages drive crime as people steal the drugs or steal other things to get money to buy drugs, he said.

The man charged with the Fort Wayne drug store robbery — 36-year-old Aaron McAtee — has struggled since his teens with a drug addiction that began with cocaine and progressed to painkillers, according to his wife, April. Court records show McAtee has been in and out of prison for forgery, cocaine possession and other drug convictions. His court-appointed public defender, Michelle Kraus, declined to comment while the case is underway.

April McAtee said Opana and other prescription narcotics sell for high prices on the street.

McAtee, who has pleaded not guilty, was released from prison Feb. 8 after serving two years for forgery. His wife said he forged payroll checks to get money to buy drugs. After his release, he stayed drug-free for 16 weeks, but relapsed the night before the alleged robbery, she said.

A Michigan substance abuse treatment center says McAtee needs medical attention, not a prison sentence.

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Tainted Platelets Biggest Blood Supply Risk

Story first reported from WSJ.com

Hospitals and blood banks are adopting new measures to improve the safety of donated platelets—the tiny cells that make blood clot and heal injuries but that also present the No. 1 infection risk in the U.S. blood supply.

The biggest risk in the nation's blood supply is no longer HIV or hepatitis C, it's bacterial contamination of platelets, resulting in at least 20 deaths and hundreds of adverse reactions in recent years, health experts say.

A growing number of studies show that standard tests performed by blood banks before they ship platelets to hospitals miss the majority of contaminated platelets. Unlike other blood components such as red cells, which are refrigerated, platelets must be stored at room temperature to remain effective, but during storage periods that last up to five days bacteria can grow and multiply.

About 150 hospitals have adopted a new contamination test, made by Verax Biomedical Inc., that can be administered immediately before patients get a transfusion. Initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2007, one barrier is cost: It adds about $25 to $30 to the average $540 cost of a unit of platelets.

The infection risk from platelets beats that of HIV and hepatitis C, researchers say, since advances in testing and screening have all but eliminated the risk of contracting those viral infections through donated blood. The federal government is stepping up scrutiny: A congressional committee has asked the FDA to determine what further actions should be taken to reduce the risks and spread awareness among hospitals.

More than two million doses of donated platelets are transfused annually in the U.S. to prevent uncontrolled bleeding in trauma, cancer and surgical patients. Most are safe and well-tolerated. New safety standards adopted by blood banks in 2004 have reduced the average rate of fatalities from sepsis, or blood poisoning, to three a year from between seven to 11 annually. Still, hundreds of nonfatal sepsis cases and other adverse reactions are still linked to contaminated platelets. Experts say the rate may be much higher than reported because infections might have been attributed to other causes.

The closer to time of use platelets are tested, the more likely of finding and avoiding infections, says Richard Benjamin, chief medical officer of the American Red Cross.

In a study of over four million platelet units the Red Cross collected and distributed to hospitals from January 2007 to December 2011, it found 381 suspected septic reactions in platelets it distributed, 38 definite or probable cases and four deaths. That is a big improvement over the four deaths per million in a 2003 study, but even with a fatality rate of one in a million, says Dr. Benjamin, is not going to be acceptable to any family member.

Six-year-old Jessica Rose Kohut died in 2009 while undergoing treatment for a rare form of cancer at All Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg, Fla. According to a lawsuit brought by her family—settled by the hospital for an undisclosed sum—the cause wasn't cancer, but septic shock from a contaminated platelet transfusion at its Tampa outpatient clinic.

Maureen Massari, her mother, pleaded for wide use of the same-day test at a meeting of industry and government officials convened by the AABB, formerly called the American Association of Blood Banks, earlier this month in Bethesda, Md.

Platelets can become contaminated if the donor has even a low-grade blood infection, or when the skin isn't properly cleaned, drawing surface bacteria into the platelets during collection. In 2004, the AABB began requiring accredited facilities to detect and limit bacteria, generally by taking cultures of donated platelets to measure bacteria growth within 24 to 48 hours.

But bacteria levels may be too low that early for detection, and studies show as many as 1 in 1,000 units that tested negative were actually contaminated. Hospitals, which may also operate their own blood banks, don't typically culture products again, since getting results can take another day.

AABB President Darrell Triulzi says blood centers have taken other steps to improve safety, such as diverting some initial blood drawn from the donor into a separate pouch to capture any skin bacteria, and swirling blood bags to visually spot signs of contamination. Hospitals have also been cautioned to watch patients for signs of infection such as fever and chills after a transfusion, and administer antibiotics if need be.

While the FDA says the rapid test has "important value for bacterial detection," there are concerns about its sensitivity, a spokeswoman says, and some users have found it difficult to interpret, which could add "significant complexity to operations in transfusion services." Verax says its clinical studies show the test, which detects antibodies present on bacteria cells, is highly sensitive, adding its customer studies found the test was easy to use and interpret.

But the extra cost can be a barrier for some when the risk of infection is relatively low. John Hess, a pathology professor and medical director of the blood bank at University of Maryland Medical Center, says he spends about $16 million a year on platelets, and calculates it would add $500,000 a year to use the test. Given the risk, he says he doesn't believe the test is cost effective compared with other expenditures that could help save lives.

But Mindy Greene, administrative director of transfusion medicine at UMass Memorial Medical Center, which has a large cancer clinic, says after learning of deaths from tainted platelets, it was more important to find the money to serve patients better. In tests of nearly 5,000 platelet units between August 2010 and January 2012, four that tested negative by standard cultures were shown to be positive using the Verax test and were confirmed positive by a second culture.

Ms. Massari says that after Jessica Rose's treatment for cancer "she was not only surviving but thriving," almost cancer-free and receiving low-dose chemotherapy and routine maintenance treatments. But during a checkup, because her platelets were low, a transfusion was ordered.

That sent her into septic shock and while antibiotics killed the bacteria, she suffered organ failure and after nine days suffered a massive stroke. Ten days after the transfusion Jessica died in her mother's arms.

A spokesman for All Children's says it believes the blood products it is supplied with exceed industry safety standards, but welcomed the opportunity to work with the blood-bank industry to improve standards and procedures.

Severe trauma patients, cancer patients on chemotherapy, burn patients and those undergoing open-heart surgery and bone-marrow transplants need platelets.

To acquire platelets, blood is drawn from a donor and is sent to a separator, which spins the blood, forcing platelet cells to the bottom.

Platelets are stored in a plastic bag while the other blood components such as plasma and red cells are returned to the donor.

About 10% of platelet donations are collected by separating the cells from four to six whole blood donations and pooling them into a single dose.

Platelets are stored at room temperature for up to five days because refrigeration renders them ineffective, but bacteria can grow over that period.

A test for contamination has been approved by the FDA, but it adds $25-$30 to the average $570 cost of a unit of platelets.

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DMC Hospitals Rank High

Story first reported from DMC.com

DMC hospitals rank in 20 specialties in U.S. News & World Report rankings.

The Detroit Medical Center (DMC) is again taking high honors for nationally and regionally ranked hospitals in the U.S. News Media &World Report’s 2012-13 Best Hospitals rankings. The 23rd annual edition showcases more than 720 of the nation’s roughly 5,000 hospitals.

The U.S. News hospital ratings, widely regarded as a standard of excellence in patient care, listed national and regional rankings in multiple specialties for four DMC hospitals, DMC Detroit Receiving Hospital, DMC Harper University Hospital, DMC Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital and DMC Sinai-Grace Hospital.

“We are proud to be recognized again by U.S. News Media and World Report. Their rankings are a testament to the hard work and dedication of our physicians and clinical staff and exemplify the depth of quality and specialty care delivered every day at Detroit Medical Center,” states Mike Duggan, CEO, Detroit Medical Center.

DMC Harper University Hospital, stood out again this year with two national rankings, #34 in Neurology & Neurosurgery and #43 in Pulmonology.

In addition to Harper’s national rankings, the hospital ranked #3 overall in the Detroit Metro area and #3 in Southeastern Michigan. Harper is also high-performing in nine additional specialties: Cardiology & Heart Surgery; Diabetes & Endocrinology; Ear, Nose & Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Gynecology; Nephrology; Ophthalmology and Urology.

DMC Sinai-Grace Hospital ranked #9 overall in the Detroit Metro area and #11 in Southeastern Michigan. Sinai-Grace is listed with nine high-performing specialties: Cardiology & Heart Surgery; Diabetes & Endocrinology; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Neurology & Neurosurgery; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.

Ranked #11 overall in the Detroit Metro area and #15 in Southeastern Michigan is DMC Detroit Receiving Hospital. U.S News lists Detroit Receiving as high-performing in Diabetes & Endocrinology; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Neurology & Neurosurgery; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.

DMC Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital ranked #12 overall in the Detroit Metro area and #16 in Southeastern Michigan. Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Gynecology; Nephrology, Orthopedics, Pulmonology and Urology are Huron Valley-Sinai’s high-performing specialties.

The four DMC hospitals combined to rank in 12 specialties. Last month, DMC Children’s Hospital of Michigan garnered national U.S. News rankings in eight pediatric specialties, bringing DMC’s total to an impressive 20 specialties.

The hospital rankings, said U.S. News Health Rankings Editor Avery Comarow, are like a GPS-type aid to help steer patients to hospitals with strong skills in the procedures and medical conditions that present the biggest challenges. “All of these hospitals are the kinds of medical centers that should be on your list when you need the best care,” said Comarow. “They are where other hospitals send the toughest cases.”

The rankings are published by U.S. News in collaboration with RTI International, a research organization based in Research Triangle Park, N.C. Highlights of the 2012-13 rankings will appear in the U.S. News Best Hospitals 2013 guidebook, to go on sale in August. The complete rankings and methodology are available at http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals

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New York Hospitals: Also Uninsured

Story first reported from nytimes.com

Every hospital makes mistakes. But some New York City hospitals may not have enough money to pay for them.

Several of the city’s most troubled hospitals are partially or completely uninsured for malpractice, state records show, forgoing what is considered a standard safeguard across the country.\

Some have saved money to cover their liabilities, but others have used up their malpractice reserves, meaning that any future awards or settlements could come at the expense of patients’ care, and one hospital has closed its obstetric practice, in part out of fear of lawsuits.

Executives of these hospitals, most of which are in poor neighborhoods, say their dire financial circumstances and high premiums make it impractical to pay millions of dollars a year for insurance.

But insurance experts say that though dropping coverage may make economic sense in the short term, it is hardly in the best interest of patients, and in the long term it may be costly to hospitals and their bondholders, including some bonds backed by the state, should large judgments force them into bankruptcy.

Hospitals in New York do not need malpractice insurance to function, and they need not tell patients when going “naked” or “bare,” in industry parlance.

Many states do not require malpractice insurance, and New York is not the only city where hospitals go without coverage. Generally the uninsured hospitals are in areas where juries award big judgments, insurance executives say.

There is no central record of which hospitals have insurance. But in 2009, the state Health Department took a survey of so-called self-insured hospitals. It found that three — Interfaith Medical Center, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center and Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, all in Brooklyn — were completely self-insured.

Twelve other hospitals across the city were partially self-insured, including St. Vincent’s Hospital in Manhattan, which went bankrupt and closed in 2010; Lenox Hill in Manhattan; Jamaica Hospital Medical Center in Queens; and New York Hospital Queens.

Some of the 12 had bought insurance to cover lower-dollar or “primary” claims, but not “excess” judgments. The others had excess coverage but not primary.

The Health Department has not done a follow-up survey, but hospitals that responded to questions about their coverage said it had not changed.

In interviews, some hospital executives said their physicians had separate insurance which is subsidized or reimbursed by the hospital. Interfaith, for one, gives its emergency-room physicians a letter promising to assume liability, said Luis A. Hernandez, the hospital’s chief executive.

Without insurance, many hospitals set aside money to pay for claims, but a review by The New York Times of state records and hospital financial records indicates that several of the hospitals have insufficient reserves to cover their malpractice liabilities.

 Two of the hospitals without insurance have no money set aside, according to their financial documents and interviews with hospital officials. In the case of the third, Kingsbrook, it is unclear from financial statements if it has any money in reserve.

Dr. Linda Brady, the hospital’s chief executive, was overseas and was unavailable for comment, said Enid Dillard, a hospital spokeswoman. But Ms. Dillard, when asked if the hospital was paying malpractice claims out of its day-to-day budget, said that it was a fair conclusion. 

In 2009, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, in Bushwick, had $50,000 in its malpractice fund; in 2010, the amount put aside to cover claims had dwindled to “0,” according to its financial statements. Yet the hospital listed professional liabilities of $37 million. Ramon Rodriguez, the chief executive, declined to comment.

A jury awarded a $31.6 million judgment against the hospital in 2006, which was later reduced to $12.9 million and is being paid out in installments through 2018. As a result of that case, Mr. Hernandez said, the hospital closed its obstetric unit because it could not afford the liability. The hospital was also not delivering enough babies to justify the expense, he said.

Henry W. Fust of Fust Charles Chambers, a Syracuse firm that provides accounting services to hospitals across New York State, said that for hospitals to “go totally naked” was very unusual and “would draw into question the viability of the entity.” It would also be difficult for any patient to recover money from hospitals like Wyckoff and Interfaith, which are already deeply in debt.

An absence of insurance is generally a sign of double trouble, signifying that rates have gone up because of high claims. Many commercial insurance companies pulled out of New York years ago because litigation was frequent and excessive said Edward J. Amsler, vice president of Medical Liability Mutual Insurance Company, which is owned by its policyholders. Financially stable hospitals have responded by banding together in groups like Mr. Amsler’s, setting premiums and reserves and sometimes sharing risks. (Lenox Hill has primary liability coverage through this company, setting aside reserves for larger claims.)

Some hospital executives say, however, it is better to be effectively uninsured, because lawyers follow the money.

Having malpractice insurance is like asking for a lawsuit to be filed, said a former hospital administrator who did not want to be named to avoid upsetting potential employers. Malpractice lawyers said that underinsured hospitals put them in a tricky position.

Lawyers say they were often forced to take payment on installment, or to try to pin more blame on physicians, who may have their own insurance. Martin Seinfeld, a malpractice lawyer, said he had had three cases this year involving Jamaica Hospital and New York Hospital Queens in which hospital lawyers had held out the specter of bankruptcy if he did not reduce his demands.

When a hospital is bankrupt, its creditors, including malpractice plaintiffs, are often forced to accept less than they are owed through litigation. 

Camela Morrissey, a spokeswoman for New York Hospital Queens, declined to comment on Mr. Seinfeld’s assertion or on the hospital’s financial condition. Jamaica also declined to comment.

Mr. Hernandez, of Interfaith, said the hospital was not trying to duck responsibility. 

Correction: 

An earlier version of this article said incorrectly that Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center’s chief executive, Dr. Linda Brady, declined to comment. She was in fact overseas and unavailable for comment, according to a hospital spokeswoman.        

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Common Myths About Obamacare

Story first reported on nytimes.com

ON the subject of the Affordable Care Act — Obamacare, to reclaim the name critics have made into a slur — a number of fallacies seem to be congealing into accepted wisdom. Much of this is the result of unrelenting Republican propaganda and right-wing punditry, but it has gone largely unchallenged by gun-shy Democrats. The result is that voters are confronted with slogans and side issues — “It’s a tax!” “No, it’s a penalty!” — rather than a reality-based discussion. Let’s unpack a few of the most persistent myths.

OBAMACARE IS A JOB-KILLER.
The House Republican majority was at it again last week, staging the 33rd theatrical vote to roll back the Affordable Care Act. And once again the cliché of the day was “job-killer.” After years of trying out various alarmist falsehoods the Republicans have found one that seems, judging from the polls, to have connected with the fears of voters.

Some of the job-killer scare stories are based on a deliberate misreading of a Congressional Budget Office report that estimated the law would “reduce the amount of labor used in the economy” by about 800,000 jobs. Sounds like a job-killer, right? Not if you read what the C.B.O. actually wrote. While some low-wage jobs might be lost, the C.B.O. number mainly refers to workers who — being no longer so dependent on employers for their health-care safety net — may choose to retire earlier or work part time. Those jobs would then be open for others who need them.

The impartial truth squad FactCheck.org has debunked the job-killer claim so many times that in its latest update you can hear a groan of weary frustration: words like “whopper” and “bogus” and “hooey.” The job-killer claim is also discredited by the experience under the Massachusetts law on which Obamacare was modeled.

Ultimately the Affordable Care Act could be a tonic for the economy. It aims to slow the raging growth of health care costs by, among other things, using the government’s Medicare leverage to move doctors away from exorbitant fee-for-service medicine, with its incentive to pile on unnecessary procedures. Two veteran health economists, David Cutler of Harvard and Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, have calculated that over the first decade of Obamacare total spending on health care, in part by employers, will be half a trillion dollars lower than under the status quo.

OBAMACARE IS A FEDERAL TAKEOVER OF HEALTH INSURANCE.
Let’s be blunt. The word for that is “lie.” The main thing the law does is deliver millions of new customers to the private insurance industry. Private niches already exist in the healthcare industry, providing quality care, such as Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation companies. Indeed, a significant portion of the unhappiness with Obamacare comes from liberals who believe it is not nearly federal enough: that the menu of insurance choices should have included a robust public option, or that Medicare should have been expanded into a form of universal coverage.

Under the law, to be sure, insurance will be governed by new regulations, and supported by new subsidies. This is not the law Ayn Rand would have written. But the share of health care spending that comes from the federal government is expected to rise only modestly, to nearly 50 percent in 2021, and much of that is due not to Obamacare but to baby boomers joining Medicare.

This is a “federal takeover” only in the crazy world where Barack Obama is a “socialist.”

THE UNFETTERED MARKETPLACE IS A BETTER SOLUTION. 
To the extent there is a profound difference of principle anywhere in this debate, it lies here. Conservatives contend that if you give consumers a voucher or a tax credit and set them loose in the marketplace they will do a better job than government at finding the services — schools, retirement portfolios, or in this case health insurance policies — that fit their needs.

I’m a pretty devout capitalist, and I see that in some cases individual responsibility helps contain wasteful spending on health care. If you have to share the cost of that extra M.R.I. or elective surgery, you’ll think hard about whether you really need it. The same will apply to the cost of prescription drugs. But I’m deeply suspicious of the claim that a health care system dominated by powerful vested interests and mystifying in its complexity can be tamed by consumers who are strapped for time, often poor, sometimes uneducated, confused and afraid.

LEAVE IT TO THE STATES. THEY’LL FIX IT. 
The Republican alternative to Obamacare consists in large part of letting each state do its own thing. Presumably the best ideas will go viral.

States do have a long history of pioneering new ideas, sometimes enlightened (Oregon’s vote-by-mail comes to mind) and sometimes less benign (see Florida’s loopy gun laws). Obamacare actually underwrites pilot programs to reduce costs, and gives states freedom — some would argue too much freedom — in designing insurance-buying exchanges. But the best ideas don’t spread spontaneously. Some states are too poor to adopt worthwhile reforms. Some are intransigent, or held captive by lobbies.

 You’ve heard a lot about the Massachusetts law. You may not have heard about the seven other states that passed laws requiring insurers to offer coverage to all. They were dismal failures because they failed to mandate that everyone, including the young and healthy, buy in. Massachusetts — fairly progressive, relatively affluent, with an abundance of health providers — included a mandate and became the successful exception. To expand that program beyond Massachusetts required ... Barack Obama.

OBAMACARE IS A LOSER. RUN AGAINST IT, RUN FROM IT, BUT FOR HEAVEN’S SAKE DON’T RUN ON IT. 
When Mitt Romney signed that Massachusetts law in 2006, the coverage kicked in almost immediately. Robert Blendon, a Harvard expert on health and public opinion, recalls the profusion of heartwarming stories about people who had depended on emergency rooms and charity but now, at last, had a regular relationship with a doctor. Romneycare was instantly popular in the state, and remains so, though it seems to have been disowned by its creator.

Unfortunately, the benefits of Obamacare do not go wide until 2014, so there are not yet testimonials from enthusiastic, family-next-door beneficiaries. This helps explain why the bill has not won more popular affection. (It also explains why the Republicans are so desperate to kill it now, before Americans feel the abundant rewards.)

Blendon believes that because of the delayed benefits and the general economic anxiety, Demorats will have a difficult time with the issue this election year.

He may be right, but shame on the Democrats if they don’t try. There’s no reason except cowardice for failing to mount a full-throated defense of the law. It is not perfect, but it is humane, it is (thanks to the Supreme Court) fiscally viable, and it comes with some reasonable hopes of reforming the cockeyed way we pay health care providers.

Even before the law takes full effect, it has a natural constituency, starting with every cancer victim, every H.I.V. sufferer, everyone with a condition that now would keep them from getting affordable coverage. Any family that has passed through the purgatory of cancer — as mine did this year, with decent insurance — can imagine the hell of doing it without insurance.

Against this, Mitt Romney offers some vague free-market principles and one unambiguous promise: to dash the hopes of 30 million uninsured, and add a few million to their ranks by slashing Medicaid.

This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: July 18, 2012

An earlier version of this column referred incorrectly to one consequence of the 2010 health care law. While it is estimated to provide coverage to 30 million Americans who are currently uninsured, the estimate includes both an expansion of Medicaid and additional enrollment in private insurance plans, not only the latter.

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